Study-unit NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY
| Course name | Pharmacy |
|---|---|
| Study-unit Code | 55081506 |
| Location | PERUGIA |
| Curriculum | Comune a tutti i curricula |
| Lecturer | Luana Bagnoli |
| Lecturers |
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| Hours |
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| CFU | 4 |
| Course Regulation | Coorte 2018 |
| Supplied | 2021/22 |
| Supplied other course regulation | |
| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Sector | CHIM/06 |
| Type of study-unit | Opzionale (Optional) |
| Type of learning activities | Attività formativa monodisciplinare |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | Secondary Metabolites. Crude drugs and bioactive metabolites. Extraction of crude drugs. Essential oils: preparation, composition and analysis. Biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolism. Structure, nomenclature and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites: Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Triterpenes, Alcaloids, Phenolic Compounds, Cannabinoids, Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids and Coumarins. |
| Reference texts | Lecture slides M. C. Marcotullio- Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali-ilmiolibro.it P. M Dewick -Medicinal Natural Products. A Byosynthetic Approach. Wiley |
| Educational objectives | Provide students with the knowledge of the main classes of plant metabolites, their chemical structure, some biosynthetic reactions that determine their formation with particular attention to reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry. General knowledge of the concept of crude drugs and bioactive compounds and about the commonest extraction and analysis techniques of secondary metabolites |
| Prerequisites | In order to understand and know how to apply the contents of the course you must have knowledge of Organic Chemistry (functional groups, main reaction mechanisms) and basic concepts of main classes of biological relevance organic compounds (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids). |
| Teaching methods | Frontal lessons with the help of slides on all topics. |
| Learning verification modality | Oral examination (10 min) to evaluate the knowledge of the general part (secondary metabolites. Crude drugs and bioactive metabolites. Extraction of crude drugs. Essential oils: preparation, composition and analysis. Biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolism. (20 minutes). aimed at evaluate the knowledge of the some different biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites discussed during the lessons. The oral exam will also enable to evaluate the student's communication skill and capacity in organizing the talk. For information about support services for students with disabilities and/or DSA visit the page:http://www.unipg.it/disabilita-e-dsa |
| Extended program | (General) Secondary metabolites and their role in plants and humans. Crude drugs and bioactive compounds. Traditional extration methods (maceration, decoctions, infusion) and innovative (SFE, US, MW). Essential oils: composition, preparation and analysis. Biosynthetic pathway for secondary metabolites. (Specific) Secondary metabolites.: Terpenes, definition. Isoprene biosynthesis unit via mevalonic acid and via deoxyxyluloso phosphate. Mechanism of polyene precursor formation. Processes of initiation, propagation and termination. Monoterpenes (C10): definition. Biosynthesis of geranyl pyrophosphate, linalyl- pyrophosphate and neryl –pyrophosphate. Formation of the menthane skeleton and correlation between the different monoterpenic skeletons. Importance of stereochemistry. The biologically relevant monoterpenes. Thujone. Iridoits. Sesquiterpenes (C15): biosynthesis of T, T-farnesyl pyrophosphate and T, C farnesyl pyrophosphate. Biogenetic correlations: germacrane, eudesmane and guaiane. Cadinano skeleton. Artemisinin: Structure, nomenclature and biosynthesis. Biogenesis of alpha methylene gamma lactone and its biological role. Diterpenes (C20): biosynthesis of labdanyl intermediate. Pimarano skeleton. Ent forms. Biosynthesis of the taxane nucleus and biological relevance. Triterpenes (C30), sterols and steroids: biosynthesis of squalene. Biosynthesis of lanosterol. Transformation of lanosterol in cholesterol. Nomenclature of the cyclopentane peridrofenantrene skeleton. Biosynthesis of phytosterols.Cardioactive glycosides and saponins. Tetraterpenes (C40) definition. Alkaloids: definition and classification. Biosynthesis of pyrrolideine and piperideine. Biosynthesis of nicotine and tropane nucleus. Piperine and coniine. Biosynthesis of Papaverine and the morfinano core. Quinoline alkaloids: biosynthesis of quinine and its nomenclature. Indole alkaloids: biosynthesis of strictosidina and lysergic acids. Phenolic compounds: street of polyketides and via shikimic acid. Biosynthesis of polyketides and differences with the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Biosynthesis anthrone, anthraquinone and dianthrone nucleus. Cannabinoids. Biosynthesis of cinnamic acid. Biosynthesis of flavonoids, isoflavones and coumarins. Flavonoids as antioxidants. Isoflavones: biological activity. |